Impacto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en el índice de masa corporal de niños asistidos en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the body mass index of children seen in the City of Buenos Aires

Introducción. El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil constituyen un problema de salud pública. El inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 pudo haber favorecido esta patología. El puntaje Z del índice de masa corporal (Z-IMC) es un indicador aceptado para su diagnóstico y seguimiento. Objetivo. Evaluar si la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y el Z-IMC en niños de 2 a 5 años aumentó durante la pandemia. Población y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes asistidos en efectores públicos de salud del Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (GCABA), de 2 a 5 años de edad, con registro de peso y talla en dos consultas, antes y después de haber comenzado el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO). Se registró estado nutricional (Z-IMC) y variación del Z-IMC entre ambas consultas. Resultados. Se evaluaron 3866 sujetos, edad promedio 3,4 ± 0,8 años; el 48,1 % fueron mujeres. El intervalo promedio entre consultas fue 14,3 ± 2,5 meses. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad aumentó del 12,6 % (IC95% 11,6-13,6) al 20,9 % (IC95% 19,6-22-2); p <0,001, al igual que el Z-IMC (0,4 ± 1,1 vs. 0,8 ± 1,3; p <0,001). Conclusión. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y el Z-IMC en niños de 2 a 5 años aumentó significativamente durante la pandemia.

Introduction. Childhood overweight and obesity are a public health problem. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to this condition. The body mass index (BMI) Z-score has been accepted as an indicator for overweight and obesity diagnosis and follow-up. Objective. To assess whether the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the BMI Z-score in children aged 2 to 5 years increased during the pandemic. Population and methods. Retrospective, cohort study. Patients included were those seen at public health care facilities in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA), who were aged 2 to 5 years, had weight and height values recorded at 2 different visits, before and after the establishment of the preventive and mandatory social isolation policy. Patients' nutritional status (BMI Z-score) and the variation in this indicator between both visits were recorded. Results. A total of 3866 subjects were assessed; their average age was 3.4 ± 0.8 years; 48.1% were girls. The average interval between both visits was 14.3 ± 2.5 months. The prevalence of overweight/ obesity increased from 12.6% (95% CI: 11.6­13.6) to 20.9% (95% CI: 19.6­22.2), p < 0.001, and so did the BMI Z-score (0.4 ± 1.1 versus 0.8 ± 1.3, p < 0.001). Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity and the BMI Z-score in children aged 2 to 5 years increased significantly during the pandemic.

Analysis of the effectiveness coefficient in greco-roman fighting athletes at different levels of competition / Análisis del coeficiente de eficacia en atletas de lucha griego-romana en distintos niveles de competición / Análise do coeficiente de efetividade em atletas de luta greco-romana em diferentes níveis de competição

ABSTRACT Introduction: Wrestling is an ancient combat sport, individual and of complex performance, which integrates high technical and tactical complexity, associated with a bioenergetic interaction and a high coordinative pattern. In Brazil, the number of competitors at different levels has increased significantly in the last years, evidencing the need to search for answers that can help coaches in the different situations of the competitive calendar. The prescription of the means and methods of training in Greco-Roman wrestling aims at the development of the technical effectiveness. However, there is no evidence of indicators of technical effectiveness, in Brazilian elite athletes of Greco-Roman wrestling, in national and international competitions. Objectives: The objective of the study was to verify and to compare the technical effectiveness of the wrestlers of Greco-Roman fight of the Brazilian selection, in two competitions: one in the national level and the other international. Methods: Seven athletes of the Brazilian wrestling team participated of the investigation (age: 25±5 years; stature: 175±12 cm; corporal mass: 80± 21kg). Analysis of the effective, not effective and total technique were accomplished. After identifying the normality of the data (SHAPIRO WILKS), the Student's t test was used to compare the variables, according to the moment evaluated, considering the significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed a significant decrease (p = 0.03) in the standing effective technique and in the total effective technique (p = 0.01), comparing the national competition with the international competition. Conclusion: Technical effectiveness of Brazilian wrestlers was found to be below the indices presented in studies with competitors from countries considered to have high world performance. In international competition, it presents a negative impact compared to national events. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Studies - Investigation of Treatment Results.

RESUMEN Introducción: El Wrestling es una modalidad de combate milenaria, individual y de rendimiento complejo, que integra elevada complejidad técnico-táctica, asociada a una interacción bioenergética y un alto patrón coordinativo. En Brasil, el número de competidores en diferentes niveles aumentó significativamente en los últimos años, evidenciando la necesidad en la búsqueda de respuestas que auxilien a los entrenadores en las diferentes situaciones del calendario competitivo. La prescripción de los medios y métodos de entrenamiento en la lucha greco-romana tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de la efectividad técnica. Entre tanto, no hay evidencias de indicadores de efectividad técnica, en atletas de alto rendimiento brasileño en la lucha greco-romana, en competencias nacionales e internacionales. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar y comparar la efectividad técnica de los atletas de lucha greco-romana de la selección brasileña, en dos competencias: una a nivel nacional y otra internacional. Métodos: Participaron de la investigación siete atletas de la selección brasileña de lucha greco-romana (edad: 25±5 años; estatura: 175±12 cm; masa corporal: 80± 21kg). Fueron realizados análisis de la técnica efectiva, no efectiva y total. Después de identificar la normalidad de los datos (SHAPIRO WILKS), fue utilizado el test de t de Student para la comparación de las variables, según el momento evaluado, considerando el nivel de significación de 5%. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una disminución significativa (p = 0,03) en la técnica efectiva en pie y en la técnica efectiva total (p = 0,01), comparándose la competencia nacional con la internacional. Conclusión: Se concluyó que la eficacia técnica de los luchadores brasileños está por debajo de los índices presentados en estudios con competidores de países considerados de alto rendimiento mundial. En la competición internacional, presenta un impacto negativo en comparación con los eventos nacionales. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Estudios Terapéuticos - Investigación de Los Resultados Del Tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O Wrestling é uma modalidade de combate milenar, individual e de rendimento complexo, que integra elevada complexidade técnico-táctica, associada a uma interação bioenergética e um alto padrão coordenativo. No Brasil, o número de competidores em diferentes níveis aumentou significativamente nos últimos anos, evidenciando a necessidade da busca de respostas que auxiliem os treinadores nas diferentes situações do calendário competitivo. A prescrição dos meios e métodos de treinamento na luta greco-romana visa o desenvolvimento da efetividade técnica. Entretanto, não há evidências de indicadores de efetividade técnica, em atletas de elite brasileira de luta greco-romana, em competições nacionais e internacionais. Objetivo: o objetivo do estudo foi verificar e comparar a efetividade técnica dos lutadores de luta greco-romana da seleção brasileira, em duas competições: uma no nível nacional e a outra internacional. Métodos: Participaram da investigação sete atletas da seleção brasileira de luta greco-romana (idade: 25±5 anos; estatura: 175±12 cm; massa corporal: 80± 21kg). Foram realizadas análises da técnica efetiva, não efetiva e total. Após identificar a normalidade dos dados (SHAPIRO WILKS), foi utilizado o teste t de Student para a comparação das variáveis, segundo o momento avaliado, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram uma diminuição significativa (p = 0,03) na técnica efetiva em pé e na técnica efetiva total (p = 0,01), comparando-se a competição nacional com a internacional. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a efetividade técnica dos lutadores brasileiros está abaixo dos índices apresentados em estudos com competidores de países considerados de alto desempenho mundial. Em competição internacional, apresenta um impacto negativo comparativamente a eventos nacionais. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação dos Resultados do Tratamento.

Interfacing neural cells with typical microelectronics materials for future manufacturing.

The biocompatibility of materials used in electronic devices is critical for the development of implantable devices like pacemakers and neuroprosthetics, as well as in future biomanufacturing. Biocompatibility refers to the ability of these materials to interact with living cells and tissues without causing an adverse response. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the biocompatibility of metals and semiconductor materials used in electronic devices to ensure their safe use in medical applications. Here, we evaluated the biocompatibility of a collection of diced silicon chips coated with a variety of metal thin films, interfacing them with different cell types, including murine mastocytoma cells in suspension culture, adherent NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). All materials tested were biocompatible and showed the potential to support neural differentiation of iPSC-NPCs, creating an opportunity to use these materials in a scalable production of a range of biohybrid devices such as electronic devices to study neural behaviors and neuropathies.

Evaluación de residentes de pediatría con una modalidad virtual durante la pandemia COVID 19: presentación de una experiencia / Using a virtual mode for the pediatric residents evaluation during the COVID 19 pandemic: report of an experience

El examen clínico objetivo estructurado (ECOE) es una herramienta válida para medir competencias clínicas. En el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 se debieron adaptar las evaluaciones, habitualmente presenciales, a un formato virtual. El objetivo de este artículo es comunicar la experiencia de utilizar una modalidad virtual del ECOE para residentes de primer año de pediatría durante la pandemia por COVID-19. El ECOE comprendió 12 estaciones utilizando casos simulados en línea y consultas virtuales a distancia. Participaron del ECOE 115 residentes, aprobaron 110 (95,7%) y solo 17 participantes aprobaron el 100% de las estaciones. Las estaciones con mejor rendimiento fueron las referidas a alimentación complementaria, abordaje del traumatismo encéfalo craneano, interpretación de resultados de laboratorio y de imágenes radiológicas. El menor rendimiento se observó en uso de equipo de protección personal y vacunas. La encuesta de satisfacción fue respondida por 80/115 participantes (69,5%). El 91% de los participantes encontró fácil de utilizar la plataforma virtual. La mayoría (73/80) consideró que los temas fueron acordes al nivel de formación. La estación de pautas madurativas fue identificada como la más difícil. El 57% refirió que el ECOE les resultó útil para identificar puntos débiles en su formación. La implementación de una modalidad virtual del ECOE fue posible y presentó buena aceptación de los participantes.

The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a helpful tool for assessing clinical competencies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, assessments usually carried out in person had to be adapted to a virtual format. We aim to report our experience using a virtual OSCE administered to first-year pediatric residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The OSCE included 12 stations, including online simulated cases and virtual remote consultations. In total 115 residents participated in the OSCE; 110 (95.7%) passed the test, but only 17 participants passed all stations. The stations with the highest performance were related to complementary feeding, management of traumatic head injury, interpretation of lab test results and imaging. The lowest performance was observed using personal protective equipment and checking vaccine schedules. The user satisfaction survey was completed by 80 out of 115 participants (69.5%); 91 % of the participants found the virtual platform easy to use. Most of the residents (73/80) considered the topics to be appropriate for their training level. The station related to child development guidelines was identified as the most challenging. 57% reported that the OSCE was helpful for identifying weaknesses in their training. Conclusion: the implementation of a virtual OSCE was feasible and it was well accepted by the participants.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in consumable species and food products.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of thousands of manmade chemicals widely used in consumer products and industrial processes. Toxicological studies have suggested that exposure to PFASs may lead to several adverse effects, including infertility and cancer development. In light of their widespread use, the contamination of food products has created health concerns in sites directly influenced by industrial and anthropogenic activity. In the present contribution, the current knowledge of PFAS contamination was systematically reviewed in order to provide with the knowledge gaps and main sources of contamination, as well as critically evaluate estimated dietary intake and relative risk values of the consulted studies. Legacy PFASs remain the most abundant despite their production restrictions. Edible species from freshwater bodies exhibit higher PFAS concentrations than marine species, probably due to low hydrodynamics and dilution in lentic ecosystems. Studies in food products from multiple sources, including aquatic, livestock, and agricultural, agree that the proximity to factories and fluorochemical industries rendered significantly higher and potentially hazardous PFAS contamination. Short-chain PFAS are suggested as chemicals of emerging concern to food security. However, the environmental and toxicological implications of short-chain congeners are not fully understood and, thus, much research is needed in this sense.

Ética en investigación: desafíos durante la pandemia / Research ethics: challenges during the pandemic

Durante la pandemia de Covid-19 los hospitales pediatricos se vieron menos afectados, debido a la menor infección en niños, y sus recursos fueron reasignados en distintas tareas.. El Comité de Ética en Investigación del Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde presenta los distintos procedimientos implementados en esta emergencia, para sostener diferentes investigaciones, y que les permitió una rápida respuesta a esta situación.

Comparación del desempeño de dos pruebas para la evaluación del neurodesarrollo infantil en un hospital pediátrico de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Comparison of the performance of two tests for the assessment of child neurodevelopment in a children's hospital in the City of Buenos Aires

Introducción. La detección precoz de los trastornos del desarrollo permite aplicar acciones que mejoren su evolución y pronóstico. En nuestro país, la Prueba Nacional de Pesquisa (PRUNAPE) requiere de un profesional certificado. El Instrumento de Observación del Desarrollo Infantil (IODI) es una herramienta de vigilancia sistematizada del desarrollo que no requiere especialización para su aplicación. La utilización del IODI como herramienta de evaluación del neurodesarrollo sería de utilidad por su fácil aplicabilidad. Objetivo. Evaluar el desempeño del IODI como prueba de vigilancia de trastornos del desarrollo utilizando la PRUNAPE como patrón de oro. Población y métodos. Estudio prospectivo analítico de prueba diagnóstica. Se incluyeron de forma aleatoria pacientes de 1 mes a 4 años, cuyos padres dieron el consentimiento para participar. Se evaluó el desempeño del IODI usando la PRUNAPE como patrón de oro. Se estimaron los valores de clivaje de sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valores predictivos positivo y negativo (VPP y VPN), y las razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa (RVP y RVN, respectivamente). Resultados. Se evaluaron 91 pacientes; 24 no pasaron la PRUNAPE, de los cuales 21 tampoco pasaron el IODI (sensibilidad: 87,5 %; especificidad: 79,1 %; valor predictivo positivo: 60,1 %; valor predictivo negativo: 94,6 %). Razón de verosimilitud positiva: 4,2; negativa: 0,2. Conclusión. El IODI mostró un desempeño aceptable como prueba de vigilancia de trastornos del desarrollo en comparación con la PRUNAPE.

Introduction. An early detection of developmental disorders allows to implement actions to improve their course and prognosis. In Argentina, the administration of the National Screening Test (Prueba Nacional de Pesquisa, PRUNAPE) requires a certified professional. The Child Development Observation Instrument (Instrumento de Observación del Desarrollo Infantil, IODI) is a systematized developmental surveillance tool that does not require specialization for its administration. The use of the IODI as a neurodevelopmental assessment tool would be useful because of its easy applicability. Objective. To assess the performance of the IODI as a surveillance test for developmental disorders using the PRUNAPE as a gold standard. Population and methods. Analytical, prospective study with a diagnostic test. Patients aged 1 month to 4 years, whose parents gave consent to participate, were included randomly. The IODI performance was assessed using the PRUNAPE as the gold standard. Sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR) were estimated. Results. Ninety-one patients were assessed; 24 failed the PRUNAPE, of these, 21 also failed the IODI (S: 87.5%, Sp: 79.1%, PPV: 60.1%, NPV: 94.6%). PLR: 4.2, NLR: 0.2. Conclusion. The IODI showed an acceptable performance as a developmental disorders surveillance test compared to the PRUNAPE.

COVID-19 Vaccination is Associated With Favorable Outcomes Among Lung Transplant Patients With Breakthrough Infections.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data regarding the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines among lung transplant (LT) patients. METHODS: We included all LT patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and December 10, 2021 (n = 84; median age 55, range, 20-73 years; males 65.5%). The study group was divided into 3 groups based on the vaccination status (patients who did not complete the primary series for any of the vaccines: n = 58; those with 2 doses of messenger RNA (mRNA) or 1 dose of the adenoviral vector vaccine, vaccinated group: n = 16; those with at least 1 additional dose beyond the primary series, boosted group: n = 10). RESULTS: Pulmonary parenchymal involvement on chest computed tomography scan was less common among the boosted group (P = .009). The proportion of patients with new or worsening respiratory failure was significantly lower among the vaccinated and boosted groups and these patients were significantly more likely to achieve the composite endpoint of oxygen-dependence free survival (P = .02). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher body mass index, restrictive lung disease as the transplant indication, and preinfection chronic lung allograft dysfunction were independently associated with acute or acute on chronic respiratory failure while being on therapeutic dose anticoagulation and having received the booster dose had a protective effect. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 vaccines appear to have several favorable effects among LT patients with breakthrough infections including lower likelihood of allograft involvement on imaging (among boosted patients), need of hospitalization, and complications such as new or worsening respiratory failure.

Binational survey of personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution driven by the COVID-19 pandemic in coastal environments: Abundance, distribution, and analytical characterization.

In the present contribution, two nationwide surveys of personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution were conducted in Peru and Argentina aiming to provide valuable information regarding the abundance and distribution of PPE in coastal sites. Additionally, PPE items were recovered from the environment and analyzed by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and compared to brand-new PPE in order to investigate the chemical and structural degradation of PPE in the environment. PPE density (PPE m-2) found in both countries were comparable to previous studies. FTIR analysis revealed multiple polymer types comprising common PPE, mainly polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyester. SEM micrographs showed clear weathering signs, such as cracks, cavities, and rough surfaces in face masks and gloves. EDX elemental mapping revealed the presence of elemental additives, such as Ca in gloves and face masks and AgNPs as an antimicrobial agent. Other metals found on the surface of PPE were Mo, P, Ti, and Zn. XRD patterns displayed a notorious decrease in the crystallinity of polypropylene face masks, which could alter its interaction with external contaminants and stability. The next steps in this line of research were discussed.

Ex vivo lung perfusion: how we do it.

Lung transplantation is an established treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, a shortage of donors, low lung utilization among potential donors, and waitlist mortality continue to be challenges. In the last decade, ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has expanded the donor pool by allowing prolonged evaluation of marginal donor lungs and allowing reparative therapies for lungs, which are otherwise considered not transplantable. In this review, we describe in detail our experience with EVLP including our workflow, setup, operative technique, and protocols. Our multidisciplinary EVLP program functions with the collaboration of surgeons, pulmonologists, and EVLP nurses who run the pump. EVLP program has been a valuable addition to our program. Since Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2019, we experienced incremental increased lung transplant volume of 12% annually.

Impacto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en la administración de vacunas del Calendario Nacional de Inmunizaciones en menores de 2 años / Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the administration of vaccines as per the national immunization schedule in children younger than 2 years

Introducción. El menor número de consultas a los centros de atención desde el comienzo de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2podría afectar la vacunación obligatoria.Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2en la administración de vacunas pentavalente y triple viral a niños menores de 2 años en el vacunatorio de un hospital pediátrico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.Método. Estudio transversal, que utilizó registros informatizados del vacunatorio, de enero a mayo de 2019 y 2020.Resultados. Desde la segunda quincena de marzo de 2020, se observó un 64,2 % de disminución en la aplicación de vacunas. Al examinar la primera dosis de pentavalente y triple viral, la reducción fue del 74,9 % y del 55,1 %, respectivamente.Conclusión. A partir de la segunda quincena de marzo de 2020, se observó una disminución del 64,2 % en las vacunas aplicadas respecto del mismo período en el año anterio

Introduction. The reduction in the number of visits to health care centers since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may affect mandatory vaccination.Objective. To assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the administration of the pentavalent and the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines to children younger than 2 years at the vaccination center of a children's hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.Method. Cross-sectional study using the vaccination center's digital records from January to May 2019 and 2020.Results. In the second fortnight of March 2020, vaccinations dropped by 64.2 %. When examining the first dose of the pentavalent and MMR vaccines, such reduction was 74.9 % and 55.1 %, respectively.Conclusion. As of the second fortnight of March 2020, vaccinations dropped by 64.2 % compared to the same period of the previous year.

Gasometría arterial en embarazo a muy alta altitud / Arterial blood gas analysis during pregnancy at a very high altitude

La gasometría arterial es fundamental en el diagnóstico y manejo del medio interno. El objetivo es caracterizar los valores de gasometría arterial en gestantes sanas con embarazo normoevolutivo residentes a 4 150 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Serie de casos llevada a cabo durante la gestión 2019, la cual incluye pacientes sin clínica ni antecedentes de enfermedades cardiopulmonares o hematológicas, así como ausencia de tabaquismo y residencia de al menos los últimos 6 meses. Se incluye 30 pacientes, media de edad 25.23 años (desvío estándar 3.69), con edad gestacional media de 26 semanas (desvío estándar 5.5). El valor de pH tiende a ser más alto, así como los valores de PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3 y SatpO2% son más bajos, incluso en comparación con adultos sanos residentes de la misma altitud. Existe cierta tendencia positiva hacia el incremento progresivo del pH mientras la edad gestacional avanza. La gasometría arterial en la altura, debe ser interpretada con suma precaución en relación a las condiciones barométricas, proporcionándose así, valiosa información con aplicación a la obstetricia crítica a muy alta altitud.

Arterial blood gases analysis is essential in the diagnosis and management of pathologies. The objective is to characterize arterial blood gases values in healthy pregnant residents at 4150 meters above sea level. Series case performed during 2019, including patients without a clinical features or antecedents of cardiopulmonary or hematological diseases as well as absence of smoking and residence for at least the last 6 months. Thirty patients are included, mean age 25.23 years (standard deviation 3.69), with average gestational age of 26 weeks (standard deviation 5.5). The pH tends to be higher, as well as the values of PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3 and SatpO2% are lower, even compared to healthy adults living at the same altitude. There is some positive trend towards progressive pH is higher such as gestational age progresses. Arterial gas blood analysis at altitude, should be interpreted with extreme caution in relation to barometric conditions, thus providing, valuable information to critical care obstetrics at very high altitude

Marine macroinvertebrates inhabiting plastic litter in Peru.

Marine litter, such as plastic bags, bottles, fabrics, or fishing gear, serve as a shelter for many marine organisms that are likely to colonize artificial substrata. Such assemblages can potentially turn marine litter into vectors of alien invasive species (AIS). Here, we report the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates inhabiting marine litter in Peruvian beaches. Results indicate that most of the fouled items found came from land-based sources (81.5%) and Bivalvia was the most abundant class (53.5%), mainly composed of the mussel Semimytilus algosus. No significant differences were found in the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates (class level) among sampling sites or sources of litter. Polypropylene and low-density polyethylene items were most frequently found with fouled biota. Although none of the identified species were non-native to the coast of Peru, we discuss marine litter as a potential source of AIS in this region.

Conocimiento del derecho al servicio de interpretación de Lengua de Señas Argentina por pediatras que ejercen en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Awareness of the right to Argentine Sign Language interpretation services among pediatricians practicing in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

Introducción. Los obstáculos en la comunicación entre médicos y personas sordas/hipoacúsicas pueden comportarse como factores de riesgo para la salud. El servicio de un intérprete profesional de Lengua de Señas Argentina (IPLSA), según la Ley N.º 26378, podría mitigar esto.Objetivo. Estimar la proporción de pediatras que conocen la Ley N.º 26378 y explorar si se asocia a recomendar a un IPLSA.Población y métodos. Estudio transversal con cuestionario electrónico autoadministrado a pediatras registrados en la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría, que ejercían en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.Resultados. Se evaluaron 381 respuestas. El 15,1 % conocía la Ley, y esto se asoció con recomendar a un IPLSA (OR: 3,7; IC 95 %: 1,1-12,9; p < 0,05).Conclusiones. La proporción de pediatras de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires que conocía la ley fue el 15,1 %. Esto se asoció significativamente con recomendar a un IPLSA

Introduction. Barriers in communication between physicians and Deaf or hard of hearing people may be risk factors for health. The services of a professional Argentine Sign Language interpreter (PASLI), by virtue of Act No. 26378, may mitigate this.Objective. To estimate the proportion of pediatricians who have knowledge of Act No. 26378 and whether this is associated with the recommendation of a PASLI.Population and methods. Cross-sectional study with a self-administered electronic questionnaire among pediatricians members of the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría who practiced in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA).Results. A total of 381 surveys were assessed. Of these, 15.1 % knew the Act, and this was associated with the recommendation of a PASLI (OR: 3.7; 95 % CI: 1.1-12.9; p < 0.05).Conclusions. The proportion of pediatricians working in CABA who knew the Act was 15.1 %. This was significantly associated with the recommendation of a PASLL.

Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of extracts of the peruvian peppertree Schinus areira L. from Chile.

The Andean tree Schinus areira L. has multiple traditional uses, from the treatment of bronchitis and rheumatic diseases to menstrual cycle regulation and wound healing. With reported hypotensive, analgesic, antitumoral and anti-inflammatory properties, it acts predominantly against diseases related to oxidative stress. This study focuses on the antioxidant activity and phytochemical profile of the extracts of Schinus areira L. Serial extraction of the fruits was performed both by maceration and by Soxhlet. Total phenols and flavonoids were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and AlCl3, respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by FRAP and DPPH. Results were similar for both extraction methods. Primary metabolites detected included carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids; secondary metabolites included tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenes. Antioxidant activity was confirmed for ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extracts. The methanolic extract had both the highest polyphenol content (>195 mg GAE/ g dry weight) and the highest antioxidant activity [EC50 > 476 µg/mL; >273 mg AA/g dry weight (DPPH); >301 mg AA/ g dry weight (FRAP)]. The extract does not produce macrophage cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7, which is indicated by an average cytotoxicity of 2% over 24 h. Our study serves as a starting point for future research on the pharmacological properties of Schinus areira L.

Prognostic impact of retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy in early-stage HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: Implications for staging optimization.

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the prognostic impact of retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy (RPL) in stage I node-positive HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a centralized and blinded radiographic review of the pre-treatment images of 234 consecutive patients with AJCC 8th edition stage I cT1-2N1 HPV-associated OPSCC treated with definitive chemoradiation from 2006 to 2016. Five-year disease control and survival outcomes were reported. The prognostic significance of RPL was evaluated through multivariable analysis adjusting for age, smoking history (<10 vs. >10 pack-years), and systemic regimen received. RESULTS: Median follow-up for surviving patients was 49 months (range: 16-121). RPL was associated with increased locoregional recurrence (LRR) (17.0% v. 3.4%, p = 0.01) and distant metastasis (DM) (29.1% v. 5.9%, p = 0.001) and inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (55.6% v. 88.2%, p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (60.6% v. 91.2%, p < 0.001). In stage I patients who did not receive high-dose cisplatin (HDC), RPL was associated with worse LRR (p = 0.04), DM (p = 0.03), PFS (p < 0.001), and OS (p < 0.001), whereas in those who did receive HDC, RPL was only associated with increased DM (p = 0.002) and inferior PFS (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that RPL portends a poor prognosis in stage I node-positive HPV-associated OPSCC. The negative impact on LRR may have been mitigated by receipt of HDC. Outcomes of stage I disease with RPL were comparable to historical reports of patients with more advanced-stage disease. Incorporation of RPL into future disease staging should be considered in order to optimize risk-stratification and exclude unsuitable candidates from treatment de-intensification efforts.

Acute effect of speed test on the skin temperature of elite soccer players / Efeito agudo do teste de velocidade sobre a temperatura da pele de jogadoras de futebol de elite / Efecto agudo del test de velocidad sobre la temperatura de la piel de jugadoras de fútbol de élite

ABSTRACT Introduction Infrared thermography has been used in several areas, mainly in sports training, and specifically in soccer. Objectives The objectives of the study were to verify the acute effect of a displacement speed test on the skin temperature of elite female soccer players, to observe pre- and post-test thermal asymmetries, and to compare responses in the anterior and posterior regions of lower limbs. Methods Cross-sectional study that evaluated 17 soccer players of the 2018 Brazilian Championship. They were submitted to thermography before and 10 minutes after performing the displacement speed test. Thermographic images were collected using a FLIR® model 8 thermal imager and changes in skin temperature in the anterior and posterior regions of the lower limbs were analyzed, according to the areas of interest. Descriptive statistics were performed and mean and standard deviation of the temperatures of the areas of interest were analyzed. The normality of the data was verified, and then the Student's t test for normal paired and independent samples and the Mann-Whitney test for non-normal samples were conducted, with p <0.05 being adopted for significance level. Results It was possible to observe that after the test there was an increase in skin temperature in all the regions analyzed, both on the dominant and non-dominant sides (p <0.05). Regarding the analysis of the anterior region, it was possible to observe a higher temperature (p <0.05) in the region of the tibial muscles than in the region of the quadriceps muscles. Conclusion It is concluded that thermography helps to understand the thermal responses of lower limbs after applying the displacement speed test. The study shows that thermographic evaluation can guide the organization of the training session when motor tests have previously been applied, and in the detection of abnormal overloads, helping to prevent injuries. Level of evidence IV; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução A termografia infravermelha tem sido empregada em diversas áreas, principalmente no treinamento esportivo e especificamente no futebol. Objetivos Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar o efeito agudo da aplicação de um teste de velocidade de deslocamento sobre a temperatura da pele de atletas de futebol feminino de elite, as assimetrias térmicas pré e pós-teste e comparar respostas nas regiões anterior e posterior de membros inferiores. Métodos Estudo de caráter transversal, que avaliou 17 jogadoras de futebol do Campeonato Brasileiro em 2018. Elas foram submetidas à termografia antes e 10 minutos depois da realização do teste de velocidade de deslocamento. Foram coletadas imagens termográficas por meio de um termovisor FLIR®, modelo E8, e analisadas as alterações da temperatura da pele, na região anterior e posterior dos membros inferiores, de acordo com as áreas de interesse. Foi realizada a estatística descritiva e para análise, foram usados média e desvio padrão da temperatura das áreas pretendidas. Verificou-se normalidade dos dados e, em seguida, o teste t de Student para amostras normais pareadas e independentes e o teste de Mann-Whitney, para amostras não normais, adotando-se p < 0,05 para nível de significância. Resultados Foi possível observar que depois do teste houve aumento da temperatura da pele em todas as regiões analisadas, tanto no lado dominante quanto no não dominante (p < 0,05). Com relação à análise da região anterior, foi possível observar maior temperatura (p < 0,05) na região dos músculos tibiais quando comparados com os músculos da região do quadríceps. Conclusão Conclui-se que a termografia auxilia o entendimento das respostas térmicas de membros inferiores depois da aplicação do teste de velocidade de deslocamento. O estudo demonstra que a avaliação termográfica pode orientar a organização da sessão de treinamento quando há aplicação prévia de testes motores e na detecção de sobrecargas anormais, auxiliando na prevenção de lesões. Nível de evidência IV; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La termografía infrarroja ha sido empleada en diversas áreas, principalmente en el entrenamiento deportivo y específicamente en el fútbol. Objetivos Los objetivos del estudio fueron verificar el efecto agudo de la aplicación de un test de velocidad de desplazamiento sobre la temperatura de la piel de atletas de fútbol femenino de élite, las asimetrías térmicas pre y post test y comparar respuestas en las regiones anterior y posterior de miembros inferiores. Métodos Estudio de carácter transversal, que evaluó a 17 jugadoras de fútbol del Campeonato Brasileño en 2018. Ellas fueron sometidas a termografía antes y 10 minutos después de la realización del test de velocidad de desplazamiento. Fueron colectadas imágenes termográficas por medio de un termovisor FLIR® - E8, modelo E8, y analizadas las alteraciones de la temperatura de la piel, en la región anterior y posterior de los miembros inferiores, de acuerdo con las áreas de interés. Fue realizada la estadística descriptiva y para el análisis, fueron usados promedio y desviación estándar de la temperatura de las áreas pretendidas. Se verificó normalidad de los datos y, a continuación, el test t de Student para muestras normales pareadas e independientes, y el test de Mann-Whitney, para muestras no normales, adoptándose p < 0,05 para nivel de significancia. Resultados Fue posible observar que después del test hubo aumento de la temperatura de la piel en todas las regiones analizadas, tanto en el lado dominante como en el no dominante (p <0,05). Con relación al análisis de la región anterior, fue posible observar mayor temperatura (p <0,05) en la región de los músculos tibiales cuando comparados con los músculos de la región del cuádriceps. Conclusión Se concluye que la termografía ayuda en el entendimiento de las respuestas térmicas de miembros inferiores, después de la aplicación del test de velocidad de desplazamiento. El estudio demuestra que la evaluación termográfica puede orientar la organización de la sesión de entrenamiento cuando hay aplicación previa de tests motores y en la detección de sobrecargas anormales, ayudando en la prevención de lesiones. Nivel de evidencia IV; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a healthy adult feline (Felis catus domesticus): diagnosis to surgical treatment - Case report.

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) is a communication between the abdomen and the pericardial sac generated by congenital anomalies triggered during diaphragmatic and pericardial development. This report aimed to present the case of an adult, mixed-breed cat, affected by PPDH, focusing on the period from diagnosis to successful surgical correction. The patient had a capricious appetite and weight loss for about four months and started, at the end of this period, a state of apathy. On abdominal ultrasound, the gallbladder (GB) was close to the heart, suggesting diaphragmatic discontinuity. On thoracic radiography, there were changes suggestive of PPDH, pericardial efusion or cardiomegaly with probable dilated cardiomyopathy. Based on these findings, an echocardiogram was performed, highlighting the hepatic lobe and GB internally to the pericardium, causing cardiac compression, although without severe cardiac changes. During surgery, a diaphragmatic defect of 4 cm in diameter was observed with the congested right medial hepatic lobe and hyperemic GB in the pericardial sac. The defect was sutured using the sultan pattern in separate stitches and polyamide threads. The feline returned to feeding with greater interest soon after the surgery, and after 15 days it was fed with dry food and had normal behavior. PPDH can be diagnosed in healthy adult cats, even if there are no apparent respiratory, gastrointestinal, or cardiac signs. The echocardiogram is relevant in the definitive diagnosis, in addition to excluding differential diagnoses, and simple surgical treatment with polyamide thread and sultan suture is successful.

A hérnia periotônio-pericárdica diafragmática (HPPD) comunica o abdome e o saco pericárdico, é gerada por anomalias congênitas deflagradas no desenvolvimento diafragmático e pericárdico. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o caso de uma gata adulta, mestiça, acometida por HPPD, destacando do diagnóstico à correção cirúrgica bem sucedida. A paciente exibia apetite caprichoso e emagrecimento há cerca de 4 meses, iniciando ao final deste período, apatia. Na ultrassonografia abdominal a vesícula biliar (VB) estava próxima ao coração sugerindo ruptura diafragmática. Na radiografia torácica evidenciou-se alterações sugestivas de HPPD ou cardiomegalia com provável miocardiopatia dilatada. Devido tais achados realizou-se ecocardiograma destacando o lobo hepático e a VB no pericárdio comprimindo o coração sem comprometer sua função. Na cirurgia observou-se defeito diafragmático (4 cm), passagem do lobo hepático medial direito e da VB para o pericárdio. Suturou-se o defeito com padrão sultan e fio poliamida 3.0. A felina voltou a se alimentar com maior interesse logo após a cirurgia. A HPPD pode ser diagnosticada em felinos adultos saudáveis, mesmo que não haja sinais respiratórios, gastrointestinais ou cardíacos aparentes. O ecocardiograma é relevante no diagnóstico definitivo, além de excluir diagnósticos diferenciais, sendo o simples tratamento cirúrgico com fio poliamida e sutura sultan bem sucedido.

Generation of Tactile Data From 3D Vision and Target Robotic Grasps.

Tactile perception is a rich source of information for robotic grasping: it allows a robot to identify a grasped object and assess the stability of a grasp, among other things. However, the tactile sensor must come into contact with the target object in order to produce readings. As a result, tactile data can only be attained if a real contact is made. We propose to overcome this restriction by employing a method that models the behaviour of a tactile sensor using 3D vision and grasp information as a stimulus. Our system regresses the quantified tactile response that would be experienced if this grasp were performed on the object. We experiment with 16 items and 4 tactile data modalities to show that our proposal learns this task with low error.